Infertility
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve spontaneous pregnancy within one year in a sexually active couple who are not taking contraceptive measures. About 15% of couples do not achieve pregnancy within a year and seek medical help for infertility treatment. One in eight couples experience problems when trying to conceive their first child and one in six when trying to conceive a second child. Infertility affects both men and women. Male infertility is treated on a case-by-case basis depending on the findings and the underlying pathology (varicocele, azoospermia).
In the clinic, all male infertility testing is carried out with sperm tests, imaging tests and hormonal and genetic profile testing as indicated. The goal is to secure the best possible sperm to achieve either natural or medically assisted reproduction.
The causes can be:
Congenital causes
- Anarchy
- Cryptorchy
- Genetic disorders
Acquired causes
- Wound
- Testicular torsion
- Mogulades
- Scrotal radiation
- Testicular tumors
- Varicocele
- Surgical ligation of testicular feeding vessels and accompanying atrophy
Idiopathic causes
- Unknown etiology and pathogenesis
The diagnostic quiver includes the following:
- Sperm diagram
- Hormonal control (LH, FSH, testosterone)
- Scrotal ultrasound
- Testicular biopsy
Treatment can be either pharmaceutical or surgical. Oral and topical penile medication has been found to have relatively poor results. In order to apply surgical treatment, the damage to the penis must have stabilized and at least 3 months have passed without pain and worsening of the flexion. Surgical treatment shows very good results.
References:
http://uroweb.org/guideline/male-infertility/#5
https://www.huanet.gr/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/04_MALE-INFERTILITY_Zachariou.pdf
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